Friday, December 08, 2006

Arrival in Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai is Thailand’s second largest city, though it is dwarfed by Bangkok (Chiang Mai has about 200,000 inhabitants, as opposed to nearly 8 million in Bangkok). The center of the city is an ancient fort about one square mile in area, complete with some battlements and surrounded by a moat.

We spent one day walking around this area (called the “old city”) visiting a few of the innumerable wats – Buddhist temples. They are all ornate, beautiful, ancient and fascinating, and all very similar to one another as well and one can only be impressed by elegantly carved teak wood balustrades and golden Buddha imagines for so long.









Chiang Mai is heavily visited by tourists, and this becomes even more apparent as evening sets in and temperatures become cool and pleasant and hordes of Western tourists (some from the U.S. but most from Australia and Europe) roam the streets, restaurants, bars and night markets.

We witnessed several examples of a particular species of Western tourist – the middle-aged Caucasian male accompanied by one or several young Thai girls in the bars and pool halls. These are indicative of one of the more tragic elements of the Thai economy – many of these girls come from very poor villages in the hills of the north and eastern parts of the country. They can make relatively good money to support themselves and their families in the city brothels and thus many willfully, and possibly even enthusiastically, engage in this form of economic and sexual slavery.

I find the psychology of the aged men who hire out these women for sex repugnant as well as fascinating. Witnessing the transactions that occur openly in the bars as the men “shop” for a girl for the evening are eerie and leave one’s conscience feeling somewhat soiled.

As long as I’m discussing things that can put one out of one’s mind, I must also mention the street traffic and the markets.

Traveling the streets by foot or motor vehicle represents the nearest example I can imagine to a chaotic, intensely competitive free-for-all. The main vehicles about are minibuses, a few private cars, delivery trucks, an assortment of types of taxis -- familiar small sedans made by Nissan and Toyota, “song-taos” or pickups with covered beds and two rows of bench seats for passengers, and "tuk tuks" or three-wheeled motorized rickshaws -- and an astounding proliferation of mopeds and small engine motorbikes. Almost all vehicles are diesel or two-stroke gasoline engines, which means (1) noisy and (2) smelly pollution.

There are not so much traffic laws here as traffic suggestions, officially recommending to drive on the left while the practical reality is to drive wherever-and-however-the-fuck-one-pleases. And, apparently, there is no legal limit to how many passengers or what type, size, or amount of goods can be transported by motorbike. I have seen families of three carrying groceries, building materials, bags of laundry, bits of furniture, etc. splitting lanes and dodging delivery trucks on pitifully belabored 90 cc Honda scooters.

This all may seem a recipe for disaster however I have yet to witness a collision. Somehow it all seems to “work” in a chaotic but organic fashion. From the pedestrian’s perspective, crossing the street is reminiscent of the old Atari video game Frogger – you have to pick your spot, set your timing, square your jaw, and proceed across the noisy, dusty, smelly buzzing fray of mopeds and larger vehicles with the “unbending intent” of the warrior described in Castenada’s The Teachings of Don Juan.



And if the continual onslaught of traffic isn’t enough to unravel one’s nervous system, there are the markets. Any time of day or night one can engage in the voracious melee of commerce. The photo above is of one of the lesser day markets and doesn't really give a sense of the pandemonium that these environments conjure up.

All manner of goods are bought and sold in the markets:

from foods – produce, meats and snack foods -- of discernable and unknown origin;

to clothing – t-shirts with every logo and brand image, tailor-made suits, silk and high-fashion goods, as well as an array of cotton hippie clothes (what middle-class Western hippie kids think rural Thai people wear), work clothes, uniforms, pajamas…;

to weapons, ancient as well as modern – long knives, swords, brass knuckles, Beth even saw a stand on the street corner selling handguns (!);

to every possible thing that can be made from bamboo – these products are countless in variety, form and function;

to all manner of knick-knacks, keepsakes, souvenirs, home decorations, Buddha images of all shapes, postures, sizes, and materials from wood and bamboo to stone to brass, gold, silver;

to electronic goods and sports equipment and a thousand other categories of items great and small, cheap and expensive, useful and decorative…

In sum, the markets are a shopper’s paradise and a mild form of torture for me. Wandering the Chiang Mai night market reminds me of the Las Vegas casinos – another environment constructed with the sole purpose of separating the tourist from his or her money.

OK, so far I have discussed the crowding, the noise, the pollution, the sex trade, the chaotic and dangerous street traffic, and those ungodly shrines for worshipping mammon and commerce called “markets.” From this one might assume that life in Thailand is a veritable hell. Well, it’s only sort-of hell. There are aspects that are actually quite nice. It just turns out that the cities and tourist areas lack most of these aspects.

To get a brief respite from the insanity and chaos, one day Beth and I rented an off-road motorbike and headed up towards the summit of Doi Suthep, the large mountain overlooking the city. Near the top we visited a famous and exquisite wat, and continued up to the end of the road where we hiked the nature trail to the summit. In keeping with our earlier experience the nature trail was deserted, although the wat and palace areas just a few kilometers away were sacked with tourists. Here’s a photo of Beth near the summit overlooking a Hmong hill tribe village.

Hello from Thailand!!!

Beth and I arrived in Bangkok mid-afternoon on November 27. We took a cab across the city to the bus station and caught a bus to Kanchanaburi province, about three hours west of Bangkok.

Bangkok is an enormous city, by far the largest in Thailand – about 8 million people. The new Suvarnabhumi airport there replaces Bangkok International and is the largest in Asia, receiving jets that carry up to 550 passengers each. We spent as little time in the city as possible – basically two cab rides back and forth between transportation depots. Bangkok is insanely busy, crowded, noisy, polluted. Maybe some of the tourist areas are nice; I have no desire to ever go back there.

We stayed the night in the provincial hub of Kanchanaburi (city), and the next morning caught a bus to Erawan National park. This steamy tropical mountain-jungle park is known for a series of seven waterfalls and the milky blue water that flows over limestone formations.











We stayed the night in the park in a bamboo house and got up early in the morning to hike along all the falls. The day before the park was like Disneyland with hundreds of Thai and foreign tourists everywhere, crawling over the rocks and swimming in the waterfall pools.



In the early morning before the buses began to arrive we had the whole park to ourselves. We had a refreshing morning swim in the uppermost waterfall pool. A few species of fish live in the pools, and swim up to greet you when you get in the water. They swarm by the dozens and “bite” your legs and arms – it doesn’t hurt but feels kind of weird.



Thai traveling tip #1: Take the nature trails! Even when Erawan Park was crowded with tourists, no one takes the interpretive nature trails. I have no idea why. The trails are so little used that sometimes they just lead off into a patch of bamboo and disappear.



On one of the nature trails we found this strangling fig (ficus) tree. The ficus seeds are deposited in the host tree in bird droppings. Then the fig sends down vine-like roots which eventually strangle the host.

We left Erawan about noon and began the very long journey to Chiang Mai in the north of Thailand. This entailed bus rides from Erawan to Kanchanaburi to the Bangkok bus depot, then the second of our cab rides across the horrendous city (during rush hour!) to the train station. We boarded the train to Chiang Mai about 10 PM, to arrive late the following afternoon.

Sleep came only briefly and fitfully during the night on the train as there were many stops and starts and several attempts to repair our coach’s broken electricity generation system. The morning sun eventually rose to reveal stunning countryside views of expansive rice paddies and quaint villages. Beth and I hung out of the doors of the train as we ascended into the northern mountain provinces. Here the sun was hot but the air drier than the balmy southern regions in and around Bangkok.

Monday, November 20, 2006

Last days in California...


I spent yesterday with my friends Jeff and Melanie at the Green Gulch farm, near Muir Beach in Marin county. We attended the morning meditation and dharma talk at Green Gulch, then explored the farm and hiked around Muir Beach. It's one of my favorite places in the Bay Area -- beautiful, super mellow.

Here's Jeff and Melanie in front of the straw bale garden shed at Green Gulch.


The garden shed is really an amazing structure -- very beautiful, as well as practical. There's hardly a right-angle to be found -- the doors and windows are rounded, the niches are rounded, even the roof is round. It's a welcoming and pleasant design.












Some shots from Muir beach and the surrounding cliffs...





Saturday, November 04, 2006

Closing the loop

"Closing the loop" is my new terminology for "doing a number-two." The significance is that poo is full of all kinds of great soil-enriching nutrients. So why whoosh it away to the waste treatment plant?

Why indeed. A much more efficient solution is to process it on site and preserve all those wonderful nurtrients to enrich next season's crop of veggies from your garden. Hence "closing the loop," if you will.

So here's an example of a beautiful and efficient waste processing system that is very pleasant to use. It's at the Dharmalaya Conference Center in Eugene, OR.

Here's the front view, and an interior shot. No, it does not smell bad. It's very pleasant to use.


In this system, the solid and liquid wastes from the toilet and showers are separated. The solid waste is dried (to prevent smell), mixed with sawdust and allowed to compost into dirt. Then it is removed and mixed with compost and used as mulch.

The liquid wastes are pumped out and into a constructed wetlands. The vegetation and microbial action in the wetlands break down the organic materials and produces clean (but non-potable) water which feeds the pond on site and irrigates the gardens.

Monday, October 30, 2006

Permaculture in action

Some examples permaculture projects...

A rainwater catchment system, constructed of salvaged lumber and drums.

A chicken coop built from log edges, which can be collected for free from lumber mills.

Ponds are super useful! They hold water in the area, decreasing how much/often you have to water your garden (if ever). They are aesthetically pleasing and they attract all kinds of beneficial insects, animal and amphibian species. This one is also a good example of using readily available and cheap (free) resources: note the "urbanite" containing wall. "Urbanite" is an urban geologic material, i.e. broken up sidewalks and other salvaged concrete.

There's a lot of permaculture going on in this picture. This house has a sunroom along the south-facing wall to get boku passive solar gain. Even though it's in Oregon this can be appreciable. The cloches (small greenhouses) protect the abutting gardens from frost. The placement of the cloche helps retain heat in both the cloche and the house. The plants nearest the door of the house are the most frequently used in the kitchen, for example. There are probably more permaculture elements going on, but you get the point.

Suburban permaculture...here's a multi-family dwelling built on about 1/2 a typical neighborhood block (in Eugene). The building itself has many "green" features, with beautiful "edible landscaping" all around. Read more about this suburban ecovillage...

What is permaculture?

So I just finished a month-long course in permaculture design at an ecovillage near Eugene, OR. People have been asking, "How was it?" and "What did you learn?" and "What is permaculture?" So I figure I should put some thought to these important questions and try to explain them in the greater context of the overall work that I am up to in causing this worldwide transformation for ecological sustainability.

So, the intent of permaculture is take a comprehensive approach to how humans interact with each other and with the ecosystems that support us in order to create high-quality human settlements that minimize the input of energy and labor as well as negative impacts on the environment.

What does that mean? It's basically ecological engineering. It asks, "How can we work with nature instead of against it?" And it strives to produce the greatest yield and the maximum well-being with the least amount of work -- efficiency, in other words.

Here's an example of permaculture practice: catch water off the roof of your house and store it until the dry season, then use it to water your vegetable garden. Or, pipe it through a graywater system in your house -- like use it to flush toilets. (Using 3 - 5 gallons per flush of drinking-water-quality water to flush a pee is kind of insane, especially considering a few billion people don't have access to sanitary water to drink in the first place.)

Here's another example of permaculture practice: put plants in your garden that attract ladybugs. Ladybugs eat aphids, which eat the plants that you want to eat. With ladbugs, you don't have to spend loads of money on toxic pesticides to kill the aphids.

OK, two more fun examples...

Chickens are tractors. Chickens scratch up the soil and fertilize it with their poo. So you don't have to toil away at the plough, or dump in tons of expensive fossil-fuel based fertilizers. Just let your chickens hang out where you want your garden to be. They'll prepare the soil nicely. They work long days, never complain, and you don't have to pay them. Plus, they lay eggs, and you can eat them.

And there's the story of the north Vietnamese peasant farmer in the '60's who wanted a pond on his farm. It's a lot of work to dig a pond, much easier to build a hut. So, he built a hut where he wanted the pond to be, and waited for the US Air Force to come along and bomb his hut and excavate his pond for him. Yup, that's permaculture!

So, the main point is that permaculure is easy, fun, creative, productive, efficient, environmentally benign or beneficial, inexpensive, accessible to everyone, aesthetic, and provides for high quality of life. I'll post some pictures as well as reflection and analysis of my experiences in the course soon.

Wednesday, October 18, 2006

A few more Glacier NP pics...

Wooly mountain goats

Looking west over the Two Medicine area

Sunset over St. Mary Lake

Monday, October 02, 2006

Grinnell's retreat

Some evidence of the effects of global warming: the retreat of Grinnell glacier over the past 150 years...

From a USGS site:

And my photo:

An aerial view from the USGS:

And my photo:

Since the nineteenth century, the number of glaciers in the park has declined from about 150 to 27. Recent estimates suggest that all the glaciers in the park will have melted by as early as the year 2021 due to accelerating global warming.

Read more about glacial retreat in Glacier park.